跨国电子商务对国际税收规则的冲击
卜炜玮

摘要：电子商务在三个方面对传统的国际税收规则造成了冲击：常设机构原则、居民身份的认定标准、收入的定性分类方法，对收入来源国和居民身份国的税收管辖权都造成了损害。对电子商务征税应当遵循税收中性原则、平衡原则、弹性原则、简易原则。为应对电子商务对现有国际税收规则的挑战，我国应该采取以下措施：拓宽常设机构的定义，使之适用于跨国电子商务交易；适当调整对企业居民身份的认定标准；应用功能等同的原则对电子商务交易中的收入性质进行分类。
关键词：电子商务，国际税收，常设机构，居民身份，收入分类
中图分类号：DF963 文献标示码：A 文章编号：

The Impact of International E-commerce on the International Tax Rule
Abstract: E-commerce has made impact on the conventional international tax system in the following aspects: permanent establishment concept, criteria of residential identity, classification of the quality of income. The tax jurisdictions of source state and residential state are both damaged. The taxation on E-commerce should abide by the follow principles: tax neutrality, equilibrium, flexibility, simplicity. In order to respond the challenge made by E-commerce, Chinese government should take these measures: expand the definition of permanent establishment to make it suitable for the international E-commercial transaction; properly adjust the criteria of residential identity; and classify the income from E-commercial transaction on the principle of functional equality.
Keywords: E-commerce, international tax, permanent establishment, residential identity, income classification

进入21世纪后，电子商务呈现出蓬勃发展的景象。与电子商务的飞速发展不相适应的是，国际社会至今仍未能找到对跨国电子商务交易进行征税的有效解决办法，至今大量电子商务交易仍处于事实上的免税状态之下，这也促使越来越多的跨国公司利用电子商务避税。

电子商务对传统国际税收规则的冲击
一、对传统的常设机构概念的冲击
当前国际上普遍通行的对跨国交易的征税规则是：跨国企业的居民身份所在国对其收入行使居民税收管辖权，征收所得税；而跨国交易发生地所在国对交易的所得行使收入来源地税收管辖权，征收增值税或营业税。