国际货物买卖合同纠纷总结 International purchase disputes of A company from Czech VS B

发布日期：2016-06-14 作者：110网律师

一、案件经过Case summary
2015年6月左右，捷克某公司（以下简称捷克公司）联系我咨询一起国际货物买卖纠纷。案情如下：捷克公司从广东佛山某公司（以下简称广东公司）购买了一批货物，因货物出现严重的质量问题捷克公司被其客户退货甚至索赔，捷克公司前往中国协商处理达成处理方案且签订了会议纪要。会议纪要明确了出现质量问题的产品的现金价值，且约定：1.缺陷产品的部分货款从已经交付货物给捷克公司但捷克公司尚未支付的货款中扣除；2.广东公司将在指定时间内将尚在捷克公司仓库内的货物销售给第三方，货款由捷克公司收取以抵消部分货款；3.剩余货款从捷克公司后续的订单中抵消。广东公司在会议纪要上加盖了业务专用章。会议纪要形成后，广东公司并未有按约定转售货物，对捷克公司的订单也不与理睬。捷克公司遂联系本律师要求维权。
Around June 2015, a company from Czech, (hereinafter referred to as the Czech company) contacted me for consultancy of a dispute of international sales of goods. The general process is as follows: the Czech company purchased a batch of goods from a company from Foshan, Guangdong (hereinafter referred to as the Guangdong Company). Due to the serious quality problems the Czech company was returned to the goods and claimed compensation by its clients. The boss of the Czech company came to China for negotiation of the dealings with the Guangdong Company and a meeting minute was reached in Guangdong Company’s location. The meeting minute agreed is: 1. Part of the payment shall be deducted from the payment Czech company owed to Guangdong Company in previous purchase; 2. Guangdong company shall resell the goods which are in Czech company’s warehouse to a third party and the fee shall be paid to Czech company; 3.the balance shall be credited from the order placed to Guangdong company by Czech company. The Guangdong Company stamped on the meeting minutes with its business stamp. Guangdong Company did not realize the meeting minutes that it did not resell the goods and accept the order from Czech company.

二、处理方案Processing options
因双方的会议纪要明确了出现货物质量所涉及的金额，但是解决方案却不是现金支付，而是需要广东公司配合的执行措施,要求广东公司配合执行是不现实的，然而直接要求现金支付也不可取。本律师建议先发律师函，在律师函中要求广东公司限期处理有质量问题的货物，且积极回应捷克客户下的订单，否则将视为广东公司丢弃尚在捷克公司仓库的货物，且要求广东公司以现金的方式返还货款和赔偿损失。律师函有三个目的：1律师函可以作为一个证据，间接证明会议纪要的真实性；2要求对方履行律师会议纪要，经过给以一定的宽限期可以增强要求现金支付的正当性；3对方收到律师函后有可能主动要求和解。然而，广东公司在收到律师函后并未有回复。于是，本律师指导捷克公司办理相关诉讼手续，在广东公司所在地法院提起了民事诉讼。会议纪要是本案的关键，然而该会议纪要却未有盖公司的公章。在中国的法律同行们都知道，公司的公章是经过公安机关备案的，有些公司为了便利业务的开展会自行刻录业务章，这种章不经过备案，无从考证，公司在出现纠纷时经常会否认业务章的真实性。为了防范广东公司否认业务章的真实性，本律师查阅了大量的法律规定和检索了相关的案例，决定举证的重点：证实会议纪要的真实性，提供证据证明捷克客户亲赴中国前往广东公司协商的事实。
Even though there is a exact amount of the goods with serious quality problem in the meeting minutes but the implementation of the meeting minutes need Guangdong Company‘s full cooperation. It’s impossible to demand Guangdong Company to implement of the meeting minutes and it’s not preferable to claim directly in cash. So I suggest to Czech company that a lawyer’s letter shall be dispatched first. We demand Guangdong Company to implement the meeting minutes in an appointed period otherwise it deemed that the goods shall de dumped by Guangdong Company and Czech company shall claim the refund of the payment and compensation in cash. The lawyer’s letter has 3 functions: 1.the lawyer’s letter shall be preserved as a evidence to prove the reality of the meeting minutes; 2 that by giving a period to implement the lawyer’s letter shall enhance the legitimacy of claim refund and compensation in cash; 3 there is a chance that the opposite party may oppose to make peace after receiving the lawyer’s letter. Unfortunately the Guangdong Company did not respond to the lawyer’s letter so I guide the Czech company to do necessary notarization and attestation and filed the litigation against the Guangdong Company in China. Just as legal professionals know the official stamp in Chinese company shall be registered with police station but business stamp which company engraved just for convenience and is not registered with police .companies deny the reality of the stamp once problem arising because this kind of stamp have nowhere to trace. To avoid this risk I studied a lot of provisions and relevant case sharing the same situation before determining the key of the evidences which I think shall be the reality of the meeting minutes and the presence of the fact that the Czech company came to China for the negotiation.

三、顺利和解 Settlement
开庭前几天，捷克客户突然收到广东公司邮件要求和解，本律师和捷克客户一起亲赴广东公司协商，广东公司老板亲自参加，双方都以真诚友好的态度提供了解决方案，最后顺利和解，当场签署了和解协议，广东公司在协议第二天支付了赔偿款，历经一年捷克公司终于拿到了赔偿款。后来和对方公司老板沟通，老板说公司律师分析这个案子输的可能性很大，因此希望庭前和解。事实证明本律师的诉讼策略是正确的。本律师代理捷克客户提出了撤诉申请，本案件完美结束。
Several days before the date of hearing Guangdong Company proposed to settle the case by email. I attended the negotiation with Czech company in Guangdong Company’s. The boss attended the meeting in person and the case was settled smoothly with a settlement is signed onsite. The Guangdong Company made the payment on the second day after the settlement is Signed.Czech Company received the compensation finally after a year’s struggle. The boss of Guangdong Company said their lawyer said that they had big change to lose the case that’s the reason why he proposed to reach a settlement which prove my litigation tactics is very right.

四、办案心得 lessons learned
1. 在国际贸易纠纷过程中，因诉讼相关资料如律师授权委托书、境外产生的证据等需要公证认证，整个案件的时间跨度非常长，律师和客户沟通过程的细节往往在经过一段时间后完全忘记了，尤其是有些证据是律师不能阅读的文字的。因此律师在沟通后有必要将细节部分以文字的方式记录下来，在相关证据上复印件上做详细的记录，以免时间长了混淆，这样不仅可以提高律师的办案效率，也会避免重复问客户而使客户认为律师不专业。
During the process of international litigation due to the long time cost to get legal papers attested the details of the case is easily get forgotten and mixed, especially the evidences are presented by a kind of a language the lawyer can’t read. So it’s crucial for the lawyer to write down the key details of the case and mark on the evidences to avoid asking the clients once again which is a waste of the time and making the client doubt the professional degree of the lawyer.

2. 非常重要然而却非常容易忽视的问题，客户赔偿款的收取。一些案子未经过法院的判决而直接和解，法院会退回一半的诉讼费，问题在于法院一般的不会直接往国外汇款，而律师在没有授权的情况下不得代收款。强制执行阶段，法院将赔偿款支付给原告也存在这个问题，所以建议在授权书中加入律师可以代为收款的权限，且要明确收款的范围，否则法院不配合。在客户不同意律师代收款的情况下，律师也应释明也给与选择权，以避免境外客户赢了官司且款在法院账上的情况下却拿不到款的尴尬。
Another point very important but very easy to get neglected is that the power to accept the fee from court. Some cases which are ended by settlement the court shall return half of the court fee but the court won’t return it directly to an overseas bank account and in most of cases the clients shall ask lawyer to accept on its behalf. The court won’t release any fee to lawyer on the condition that the lawyer has no attested power of attorney. The same situation happens when the fee is transfer to bank account during the compulsory measures stage. So I strongly suggest the overseas clients shall authorize the lawyer to accept the fee on its behalf. At least the lawyer shall explain this and offer a option for the clients to avoid the dilemma that the case is win and the compensation is in Court’s bank account but the winner can’t get the money.

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