参考文献:
[1]Brennan, Geoffrey Buchanan, James M. (1985), The Reason of Rules: Constitutional Political Economy ( London: Cambridge University Press)。
[2]DworkIn, Ronald (1977), Taking Rights Seriously. London: Duckworth.
[3]Hardin, Russell (1980) ‘The Emergence of Norms’, Ethics, 90, pp. 575-87.
[4]Hardin, Russell. (1988), Morality within the Limits of Reason (Chicago: the University of Chicago Press)。
[5]McCormick, John P (1993), ‘Addressing the Political Exception: Machiavelli’s “Accidents” and the Mixed Regime,‘ American Political Science Review, Vol.87, No.4, pp.888-90.
[6]Nicoletti, Michele (1987) ‘A Review of Carl Schmitt nella Stampa Periodica Italiana (1973-1986)’, Tolos, No. 72, pp. 217-24.
[7]Pye, Lucian W. (1968),The Spirit of Chinese Politics A Psychocultural study of the Authority Crisis
[8]in Political Development (Cambridge,Massachusetts: The M.I.T.Press)。
[9]Rawls, John (1964) ‘Two Concepts of Rules’, Philosophical Review, Vol. 55, pp. 3-32.
[10]Rawls, John (1971), A Theory of Justice (Oxford: Clarendon)。
[11]Samples, John (1987) ‘A Review of Political Theology and The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy’, Tolos, No. 72, pp. 205-14.
[12]Sartori, Giovanni (1989) ‘The Essence of the Political in Carl Schmitt’, Journal of Theoretical Politics, 1, 63-75.
[13]Schauer, Frederick(1991), ‘Exceptions,’ The University of Chicago Law Review, Vol.58, No.3, pp.871-899.
[14]Schmitt, Carl (1976), The Concept of the Political (translation by George Schwab of the 3rd ed. of 1932, 1st ed. 1928)。 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press)。
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注释:
[1] 何包钢,新加坡国立大学东亚研究所高级研究员,澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚大学政府系教授。作者感谢郎友兴副教授的帮助,和萧功秦教授、季卫东教授的建议和批评。
[2] 台湾大学政治学系吴庚教授著有《政治的新浪漫主义—— 卡尔。史密特政治哲学研究》( 台北:五云图书出版公司,1981 年版); 刘小枫著有“ 施密特与政治哲学的现代性”( 浙江学刊,2001 年第3 期)。
[3] Brennan 和Buchanan 在方法论层面上出色地捍卫了宪法的程序主义,但是他们没有涉及到例外的问题。Brenan 与 Buchanan 有关对宪法主义或规范主义的捍卫可以归纳为以下几点:(1) 社会需要规则,因为假如没有规则,那么,生活就会“无伴、贫穷、问题众多和粗野的”,世界就会发生战争。(2) 在一系列游戏中规则得到执行,但是,游戏的参加者其命运有些不确定的。(3 按照某些规则进行的进程是有独立的价值(1985:18)。
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