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网络游戏中虚拟财产权利属性之分析——二元模(4)
www.110.com 2010-07-12 11:22

  [1] See Ashley Dunn, Virtual Loot for Real Cash: Online Role-Playing Games Have Spawned an Industry Profiting from Sale of Cyber “Weapons” and Other Gear, L.A. Times (Apr. 2000)。

  [2] See Molly Stephens, Sales of In-Game Assets: An Illustration of the Continuing Failure of Intellectual Property Law to Protect Digital-Content Creators, 80 Tex. L. Rev. 1513 (May, 2002), p. 1518-1519。

  [3] 154 F.3d 1107 (9th Cir.1998)。

  [4] 964 F.2d 965 (9th Cir.1992)。

  [5] 具体案情请参加《国内首例虚拟财产纠纷案网络游戏玩家获赔偿》,新华网:北京频道/2003-12-18/17

  [6] 现在,那些喜欢贴标签的分析法学家中,也有学者认为盲目的类型化对于认识事物是没有什么必要的。See John Gardner, Legal Positivism: 5 1/2 Myths, 46 Am. J. Juris. 199 (2001)。

  [7] See J.E. Penner, the “Bundle of Rights” Picture of Property, 43 UCLA Law Review, p.713。

  [8] 梁慧星、陈华彬著:《物权法》,法律出版社2003年1月第2版,第17-20页。

  [9] See Thomas W. Merril、Henry E. Smith, Optimal Standardization in the Law of Property: the Numerus Clausus Principle, Yale Law Review (Oct. 2000)。

  [10] 在注重精确概念体系的民法法系中,物权法定原则有其特定的称谓——The Numerus Clausus Principle,也即种类封闭,不开放。See Thomas W. Merril、Henry E. Smith, Optimal Standardization in the Law of Property: the Numerus Clausus Principle, Yale Law Review(Oct. 2000), p.4。

  [11] 并且两者在很多情况下具有功能上的关系和互补的作用,(见王泽鉴著:《民法物权—所有权·通则》,中国政法大学出版社2001年第1版,第7页),这就更加大了严格区分两者的难度。

  [12] See Thomas W. Merril、Henry E. Smith, The Property/Contract Interface, 101 Columbia Law Review(2001), p.774 。

  [13] See J.E. Penner, the “Bundle of Rights” Picture of Property, 43 UCLA Law Review, p.712.

  [14] See Peter Mirfield, In Defense of Modern Legal Positivism, 16 Fla. St. U.L. Rev. 985(1989)。; Philip Soper, Philosophy and Law: Searching for Positivism, 94 Mich. L. Rev. 1739 (May, 1996)。; David Lyons, Moral, Political, and Legal Philosophy: Founders and Foundations of Legal Positivism., 82 Mich. L. Rev. 722 (February, 1984)。; Jules L. Coleman, Legal Theory and Practice, 83 Geo. L.J. 2579 (September, 1995)。; Joseph Raz, About Morality and the Nature of Law, 48 Am. J. Juris. 1 (2003)。

  [15] 霍姆斯在其著名的演讲《法律的道路》中谈到:“ The danger of which I speak is not the admission that the principles governing other phenomena also govern the law, but the notion that a given system, ours, for instance, can be worked out like mathematics from some general axioms of conduct.  This is the natural error of the schools, but it is not confined to them.” See Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., the Path of the Law, 10 Harvard Law Review 457 (1897)。

  [16] 何佳林、张敏、张强:“浅谈关于保护网络虚拟财产的问题”,载于《网络安全技术与应用》,2004年05期。

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